Comparison of SDQ and PedsQL parent-reported scores at baseline and 6 months follow-up
| Measure | n | Pre | Post | Mean difference (CI) | P value | d | df† |
| M (SE) | M (SE) | ||||||
| SDQ total score | 156 | 17.54 (0.61) | 16.13 (0.61) | 1.41 (0.39 to 2.44) | 0.007** | 0.22 | 119 |
| Impact | 156 | 3.58 (0.25) | 3.17 (0.25) | 0.41 (−0.17 to 0.99) | 0.166 | 0.11 | 82 |
| Emotional | 156 | 5.31 (0.22) | 4.93 (0.22) | 0.37 (−0.06 to 0.81) | 0.091 | 0.14 | 123 |
| Conduct | 156 | 3.03 (0.19) | 2.57 (0.18) | 0.45 (0.12 to 0.78) | 0.007** | 0.22 | 134 |
| Hyperactivity | 156 | 5.65 (0.25) | 5.46 (0.26) | 0.19 (−0.22 to 0.60) | 0.358 | 0.08 | 102 |
| Peer | 156 | 3.56 (0.19) | 3.17 (0.20) | 0.40 (0.03 to 0.76) | 0.035* | 0.17 | 97 |
| Prosocial | 156 | 7.01 (0.22) | 7.02 (0.24) | −0.01 (−0.53 to 0.51) | 0.975 | 0.00 | 98 |
| PedsQL total score | 93 | 54.38 (2.31) | 61.88 (2.39) | −7.50 (−10.45 to −4.55) | <0.001*** | 0.55 | 53 |
| Physical Health | 93 | 58.60 (3.24) | 62.18 (3.06) | −3.58 (−7.51 to 0.34) | 0.075 | 0.20 | 43 |
| Psychosocial Health | 93 | 51.98 (2.10) | 59.81 (2.03) | −7.83 (−11.25 to −4.42) | <0.001*** | 0.47 | 90 |
| Emotional Functioning | 93 | 49.61 (2.46) | 56.16 (2.53) | −6.54 (−12.21 to −0.87) | 0.024* | 0.23 | 89 |
| Social Functioning | 93 | 54.88 (3.04) | 64.84 (2.73) | −9.96 (−15.58 to −4.33) | 0.001*** | 0.36 | 89 |
| School Functioning | 93 | 51.45 (2.51) | 58.44 (2.37) | −6.99 (−11.41 to −2.58) | 0.002** | 0.32 | 88 |
Multiple imputations by fully conditional specification was used to account for missing data and df were adjusted accordingly. Means (M), SEs, 95% CIs around the mean difference, p values for paired t-tests and effect sizes (d) are shown for all participants included in the analysis.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
†Adapted from Barnard and Rubin.33
PedsQL, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.