Descriptive statistics
| Baseline | First assessment | Imaging | |||||||
| % | IIV mean | IIV SD | % | IIV mean | IIV SD | % | IIV mean | IIV SD | |
| Panel A—Neuroticism EPQ-R Scale | |||||||||
| ‘Does your mood often go up and down?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 33% | 72.18 | 53.38 | 30% | 71.10 | 47.07 | 28% | 78.64 | 54.66 |
| No | 67% | 72.38 | 47.54 | 70% | 73.00 | 48.50 | 72% | 74.98 | 52.08 |
| ‘Do you ever feel just miserable for no reason?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 33% | 68.89 | 46.54 | 30% | 70.34 | 41.65 | 27% | 78.13 | 51.82 |
| No | 67% | 74.03 | 50.90 | 70% | 73.31 | 50.54 | 73% | 75.22 | 53.21 |
| ‘Are you an irritable person?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 25% | 72.80 | 52.87 | 24% | 73.43 | 52.06 | 22% | 72.75 | 51.38 |
| No | 75% | 72.15 | 48.39 | 76% | 72.11 | 46.76 | 78% | 76.96 | 53.23 |
| ‘Are your feelings easily hurt?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 48% | 75.40 | 50.37 | 46% | 73.53 | 51.28 | 43% | 75.19 | 48.15 |
| No | 52% | 69.40 | 48.60 | 54% | 71.50 | 45.19 | 57% | 76.64 | 56.13 |
| ‘Do you often feel fed-up?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 28% | 70.08 | 47.66 | 28% | 69.53 | 46.24 | 23% | 78.87 | 53.15 |
| No | 72% | 73.18 | 50.23 | 72% | 73.53 | 48.72 | 77% | 75.16 | 52.73 |
| ‘Would you call yourself a nervous person?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 18% | 77.87 | 58.06 | 17% | 72.94 | 52.84 | 15% | 76.48 | 54.22 |
| No | 82% | 71.11 | 47.41 | 83% | 72.32 | 47.07 | 85% | 75.93 | 52.60 |
| ‘Are you a worrier?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 45% | 71.83 | 46.39 | 46% | 73.84 | 50.85 | 42% | 74.81 | 50.13 |
| No | 55% | 72.71 | 51.99 | 54% | 71.24 | 45.60 | 58% | 76.91 | 54.75 |
| ‘Would you call yourself tense or highly strung?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 10% | 74.25 | 48.17 | 10% | 80.28 | 60.56 | 8% | 74.99 | 48.79 |
| No | 90% | 72.09 | 49.70 | 90% | 71.57 | 46.46 | 92% | 76.11 | 53.20 |
| ‘Do you worry too long after an embarrassing experience?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 45% | 69.91 | 40.66 | 46% | 72.36 | 51.05 | 47% | 73.12 | 47.35 |
| No | 55% | 74.27 | 55.66 | 54% | 72.48 | 45.40 | 53% | 78.57 | 57.14 |
| ‘Do you suffer from nerves?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 16% | 75.18 | 53.87 | 14% | 71.05 | 50.58 | 12% | 67.83 | 44.36 |
| No | 84% | 71.78 | 48.68 | 86% | 72.65 | 47.66 | 88% | 77.10 | 53.77 |
| ‘Do you often feel lonely?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 12% | 73.67 | 54.61 | 12% | 70.26 | 36.67 | 11% | 74.46 | 50.43 |
| No | 88% | 72.12 | 48.80 | 88% | 72.73 | 49.46 | 89% | 76.21 | 53.13 |
| ‘Are you often troubled by feelings of guilt?’ | |||||||||
| Yes | 23% | 68.99 | 36.86 | 22% | 73.61 | 51.99 | 24% | 76.89 | 50.80 |
| No | 77% | 73.33 | 52.78 | 78% | 72.08 | 46.89 | 76% | 75.74 | 53.47 |
| Panel B—PHQ-2 Depression Scale | |||||||||
| ‘frequency of depressed mood’ | |||||||||
| Not at all | 83% | 72.53 | 51.25 | 86% | 73.47 | 49.39 | 87% | 76.29 | 53.42 |
| Several days | 15% | 71.72 | 40.85 | 12% | 65.35 | 39.48 | 11% | 72.94 | 47.49 |
| More than half the days | 1% | 72.45 | 43.13 | 1% | 79.28 | 38.60 | 1% | 89.04 | 60.27 |
| Nearly everyday | 1% | 60.70 | 24.81 | 1% | 60.88 | 28.68 | 1% | 54.53 | 36.12 |
| ‘frequency of unenthusiasm/disinterest’ | |||||||||
| Not at all | 87% | 71.99 | 50.41 | 89% | 72.99 | 48.92 | 90% | 76.37 | 53.27 |
| Several days | 11% | 74.07 | 43.29 | 9% | 70.45 | 42.47 | 9% | 70.05 | 47.67 |
| More than half the days | 1% | 65.79 | 35.19 | 1% | 55.48 | 25.83 | 1% | 89.56 | 59.17 |
| Nearly everyday | 1% | 91.88 | 53.72 | 1% | 58.10 | 34.68 | 0% | 101.1 | 40.76 |
| Panel C—other comorbid disorders | |||||||||
| Heart attack | |||||||||
| Yes | 1% | 62.04 | 33.94 | 1% | 75.11 | 55.66 | 2% | 65.52 | 51.29 |
| No | 99% | 72.42 | 49.66 | 99% | 72.39 | 47.97 | 98% | 76.22 | 52.86 |
| Angina | |||||||||
| Yes | 1% | 67.15 | 34.69 | 1% | 72.81 | 44.78 | 1% | 62.47 | 27.99 |
| No | 99% | 72.37 | 49.67 | 99% | 72.42 | 48.12 | 99% | 76.18 | 53.04 |
| Stroke | |||||||||
| Yes | 1% | 79.49 | 38.78 | 1% | 89.73 | 51.71 | 1% | 71.77 | 45.78 |
| No | 99% | 72.26 | 49.61 | 99% | 72.23 | 48.01 | 99% | 76.06 | 52.90 |
| High blood pressure | |||||||||
| Yes | 18% | 73.25 | 43.89 | 22% | 73.51 | 53.56 | 22% | 77.21 | 48.83 |
| No | 82% | 72.11 | 50.67 | 78% | 72.12 | 46.43 | 78% | 75.68 | 53.92 |
| Diabetes | |||||||||
| Yes | 2% | 64.91 | 23.10 | 2% | 69.54 | 43.77 | 3% | 99.29 | 51.22 |
| No | 98% | 72.47 | 49.92 | 98% | 72.50 | 48.18 | 97% | 75.32 | 51.74 |
| Panel D—covariates | |||||||||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 59% | 72.32 | 48.20 | 59% | 71.28 | 48.09 | 59% | 75.22 | 54.45 |
| Female | 41% | 72.31 | 51.38 | 41% | 74.05 | 48.02 | 41% | 77.14 | 50.48 |
| Education | |||||||||
| College | 55% | 69.50 | 45.23 | 55% | 72.84 | 48.99 | 58% | 73.04 | 51.96 |
| Other | 45% | 75.77 | 54.17 | 44% | 71.92 | 46.93 | 42% | 80.06 | 53.77 |
| BMI | |||||||||
| Normal weight | 41% | 73.14 | 54.74 | 42% | 74.02 | 49.15 | 45% | 77.98 | 57.45 |
| Overweight | 44% | 73.14 | 48.19 | 42% | 73.23 | 48.69 | 40% | 74.43 | 49.64 |
| Obese | 15% | 67.72 | 36.90 | 15% | 65.81 | 42.69 | 15% | 74.32 | 46.10 |
| Household Income | |||||||||
| <£18 000 | 10% | 85.17 | 74.41 | 12% | 76.31 | 42.56 | 11% | 86.90 | 65.49 |
| (£18 000, £30 999] | 23% | 76.47 | 44.82 | 26% | 74.29 | 47.63 | 27% | 79.02 | 47.50 |
| (£31,000, £51 999] | 30% | 72.42 | 47.12 | 30% | 73.08 | 50.67 | 30% | 69.38 | 45.53 |
| (£52 000, £100 000] | 28% | 68.76 | 47.75 | 23% | 73.69 | 52.21 | 23% | 79.33 | 60.52 |
| >£100 000 | 10% | 59.03 | 35.00 | 9% | 55.66 | 29.50 | 9% | 68.16 | 49.72 |
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| No | 95% | 72.85 | 50.20 | 96% | 72.28 | 48.24 | 97% | 75.86 | 52.53 |
| Yes | 5% | 62.77 | 34.29 | 4% | 76.20 | 43.39 | 3% | 81.25 | 62.33 |
| Employment status | |||||||||
| Employed | 67% | 68.33 | 45.79 | 51% | 68.48 | 46.10 | 42% | 73.02 | 49.65 |
| Other | 33% | 80.48 | 55.60 | 49% | 76.60 | 49.75 | 58% | 78.22 | 54.98 |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 98% | 72.37 | 49.44 | 98% | 72.42 | 47.64 | 98% | 75.62 | 52.47 |
| Other | 2% | 69.32 | 55.05 | 2% | 72.66 | 68.22 | 2% | 94.84 | 66.43 |
| Vegetable and fruit intake | |||||||||
| ≥5 unit per day | 76% | 72.39 | 49.47 | 74% | 72.72 | 47.39 | 79% | 75.30 | 50.92 |
| <5 unit per day | 24% | 72.06 | 49.76 | 26% | 71.59 | 49.99 | 21% | 78.64 | 59.32 |
| Mean | |||||||||
| Age | 56 | 60 | 63 | ||||||
| Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 18.33 | 16.39 | 16.37 | ||||||
BMI, body mass index; EPQ-R, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised; IIV, intraindividual variability; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire.