Associations between early life disadvantages and depression
| Risk factors | Adjusted OR (95% CI)* |
|---|---|
| *OR=odds ratio, which was adjusted for sex and types of disadvantages. | |
| Multiple disadvantages at age 5 years | 2.2 (1.4 to 3.4) |
| Female sex | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.5) |
| Family or marital instability | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.8) |
| Social dependence and overcrowding | 2.0 (1.2 to 3.3) |
| Poor physical care and poor mothering | 3.1 (1.0 to 9.1) |
| Poor physical care, poor mothering, and female sex | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.9) |